Check the log @ C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\IntuneManagementExtension\Logs\ for more information or

HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\IntuneManagementExtension\Apps\
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\IntuneManagementExtension\Win32Apps\

 

Win32 apps via Intune Management Extension Agent are cached here:

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Intune Management Extension\Content

 

Windows LOB apps (single MSI) pushed via MDM channel like the Intune Management Extension Agent itself are cached here during install and then deleted:

C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\mdm

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