{"id":6110,"date":"2022-05-04T07:13:56","date_gmt":"2022-05-04T07:13:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/?p=6110"},"modified":"2022-09-04T07:16:03","modified_gmt":"2022-09-04T07:16:03","slug":"qos-nbn-fttp-fortigate-and-aruba-cx-switches","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/research\/qos-nbn-fttp-fortigate-and-aruba-cx-switches","title":{"rendered":"QoS, NBN FTTP, FortiGate and Aruba CX Switches"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">After installing a new switch and moving the internet over to this , the site went offline<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Quick topology refresh<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"136\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6111  img-responsive\" src=\"http:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503a44bb3.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Symptoms were<\/p><ul type=\"disc\"><li class=\"x_MsoListParagraph\">FortiGate could ping anything on the internet<\/li><li class=\"x_MsoListParagraph\">Devices on the LAN could ping across the MPLS and the FortiGate without any issue.<\/li><li class=\"x_MsoListParagraph\">Devices failed to ping anything on the internet. Traceroute stopped at the FortiGate<\/li><li class=\"x_MsoListParagraph\">Debugs on the FortiGate (packet sniffer and flow debug) showed traffic successfully egressing the FortiGate.<\/li><li class=\"x_MsoListParagraph\">Disabling offloading did not fix anything.\u00a0 Note hat traffic which has been offloaded to the security processor is not visible in a packet capture.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">After close to 12 hours on the phone to FortiGate support with 4 L3 engineers and about to call in product engineering, we found the issue to be the FortiGate passing along some QoS information.<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Quality of Services (QoS) can be applied at two different layers in the networking stack. Layer 2 QoS is known as Class of Service (CoS) and Layer 3 QoS is known as Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) and then there is a large amount of mapping performed in between.<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">CoS is marked in the 802.1q header and there are a maximum of 8 classes.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"629\" height=\"207\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6113  img-responsive\" src=\"http:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b154d2.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b154d2.png 629w, https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b154d2-300x99.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/><\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">NBNCo uses CoS extensively in their network to ensure uptime and service availability (think that you want your SSH to a switch to be prioritised over someone\u2019s youtubing). On ethernet access products (FTTP\/HFC) they do allow you to use certain CoS priorities but not all and this is specific to the service configuration and if it is a TC4 or TC2 NBN service (see the difference\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aussiebroadband.com.au\/help-centre\/business\/enterprise\/what-is-nbn-tc-4-and-tc-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"0\">here<\/a>).<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">For this site the service is a FTTP (aka NFAS) and is configured using PPPoE on a VLAN\u00a0<b><u>tagged<\/u><\/b>\u00a0service (this becomes important in a moment). NBN has a very well documented network configuration for ISPs to build products out of.<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbnco.com.au\/content\/dam\/nbnco\/documents\/nfas-product-technical-specification-2.0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"1\">https:\/\/www.nbnco.com.au\/content\/dam\/nbnco\/documents\/nfas-product-technical-specification-2.0.pdf<\/a><\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Specifically if you look at section 6.11<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"656\" height=\"242\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6114  img-responsive\" src=\"http:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b43797.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b43797.png 656w, https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b43797-300x111.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px\" \/><\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">If I compare a ping packet sent out the wan interface from both a the FortiGate(successful) with the Server (unsuccessful) the problem starts to become clearer.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1101\" height=\"348\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6116  img-responsive\" src=\"http:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b93391.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b93391.png 1101w, https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b93391-300x95.png 300w, https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b93391-1024x324.png 1024w, https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b93391-768x243.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1101px) 100vw, 1101px\" \/><\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">If I look at a packet coming in from the LAN side of the FortiGate, we see the same priority being set.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"655\" height=\"179\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6112  img-responsive\" src=\"http:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503a9ac12.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503a9ac12.png 655w, https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503a9ac12-300x82.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" \/><\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">And now we have a proper problem description:<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">FortiGate passes along QoS information from servers\/workstations which is silently discarded by NBN at the NTD.<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">In terms of resolving the issue we have two approaches. The first is to fix the Aruba CX side, and the second is to apply this at the Fortigate side.<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">In FortiGate we normally use traffic shapers to mark QoS \u2013 however this is only performed at layer 3 (DSCP) and not layer 2 (QoS).<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">The only workaround we can apply from the FortiGate is a\u00a0<b>per policy<\/b>\u00a0basis on the CLI. This overrides the CoS on the frame as it flows through the Fortigate.<\/p><div><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">config\u00a0firewall\u00a0policy<br aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0edit\u00a034<br aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0set\u00a0vlan-cos-fwd\u00a00<br aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0set\u00a0vlan-cos-rev\u00a00<br aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0next<br aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>end<\/p><\/div><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">On the Aruba CX side, there is a decent document on QoS configuration\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arubanetworks.com\/techdocs\/AOS-CX\/10.09\/PDF\/qos_6200-6300-6400.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"2\">https:\/\/www.arubanetworks.com\/techdocs\/AOS-CX\/10.09\/PDF\/qos_6200-6300-6400.pdf<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0on Page 13.<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Note this the below is the DEFAULT configuration. For some reason they\u2019ve swapped the Best Effort and Background policy.<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"892\" height=\"265\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6115  img-responsive\" src=\"http:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b64a74.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b64a74.png 892w, https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b64a74-300x89.png 300w, https:\/\/pariswells.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/img_6314503b64a74-768x228.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 892px) 100vw, 892px\" \/><\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">The fix for this should be to apply the config below. However I haven\u2019t tested this yet and applying this change will cause ~60 seconds of disruption as QoS queues flush and rebuild.<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config)# qos trust cos<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config)# qos cos-map 1 local-priority 1<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config)# qos queue-profile Q1<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-queue)# map queue 0 local-priority 0<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-queue)# map queue 1 local-priority 1<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-queue)# map queue 1 local-priority 2<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-queue)# map queue 2 local-priority 3<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-queue)# map queue 3 local-priority 4<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-queue)# map queue 4 local-priority 5<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-queue)# map queue 5 local-priority 6<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-queue)# map queue 5 local-priority 7<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-queue)# qos schedule-profile S1<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-schedule)# dwrr queue 0 weight 5<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-schedule)# dwrr queue 1 weight 10<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-schedule)# dwrr queue 2 weight 15<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-schedule)# dwrr queue 3 weight 20<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-schedule)# dwrr queue 4 weight 25<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config-schedule)# dwrr queue 5 weight 50<\/p><p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">switch(config)# apply qos queue-profile Q1 schedule-profile S1<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After installing a new switch and moving the internet over to this , the site went offline\u00a0Quick topology refresh\u00a0Symptoms wereFortiGate could ping anything on the internetDevices on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2676,1251,3944,3945,3943,1909,3946,3947],"class_list":["post-6110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research","tag-aruba","tag-fortigate","tag-nbn","tag-nbnco","tag-qos","tag-vlan","tag-vlan-cos-fwd","tag-vlan-cos-rev"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"After installing a new switch and moving the internet over to this , the site went offline Quick topology refresh Symptoms wereFortiGate could ping anything on the internetDevices on the LAN could ping across the MPLS and the FortiGate without any issue.Devices failed to ping anything on the internet. 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